大棚栽培葡萄构成高产质优因素的分析

设施农业的快速发展,推动了高寒地区种植业的多样化.葡萄产业由于品种繁多,产业链长,市场效益高,发展尤为突出,通过调查大同地区的几个县区葡萄大棚栽培模式分析构成质优高产的综合因素,总结出大棚栽培葡萄的优势.     

温室环境信息智能化管理研究进展

随着我国温室园艺业和信息技术的迅速发展,现代信息技术越来越多地应用于温室环境管理中,促进了温室环境智能化管理技术的发展。本文针对面向物联网的温室环境信息智能化管理需求,分别从温室环境信息获取、信息处理与决策服务3个方面对国内外研究进展进行了系统的分析和阐述,并提出了今后在温室环境信息智能化管理方面迫切需要开展的工作。     

Estimating the component of soil respiration not dependent on living plant roots: Comparison of the indirect y-intercept regression approach and direct bare plot approach

Distinguishing between root and non-root derived CO₂ efflux is important when determining rates of soil organic matter turnover, however, in practice they remain difficult to separate. Our aim was to evaluate two methods for determining the component of below-ground respiration not dependent on plant roots (i.e., basal soil respiration; R_b). The first approach estimated R_b indirectly from the y-intercept of linear regressions between below-ground respiration (BGR) and root biomass. The second approach involved direct measurements of soil respiration from bare plots. To compare the contrasting approaches, BGR and crop biomass measurements were collected throughout the year in a range of agricultural systems. We found that both methods were very closely correlated with each other. Values of R_b determined by the intercept approach, however, were slightly higher than those determined by measurement of bare plots. Both approaches showed a seasonal trend with estimates of R_b lowest in winter months at 0.02 t C ha⁻¹ month⁻¹ for the y-intercept approach and 0.11 t C ha⁻¹ month⁻¹ for the bare plots approach, even after the data had been corrected for the influence of soil temperature. Highest rates of R_b occurred from the height to the end of the crop growing season (0.8-1.5 t C ha⁻¹ month⁻¹). The annual CO₂ efflux due to R_b was estimated to be 8.1 t C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ from the y-intercept approach and 6.8 t C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ from bare plots. Annual BGR was 12.1 t C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹. We conclude that both methods provide similar estimates of R_b, however, logistically the bare plots approach is much easier to undertake than the y-intercept approach.     

Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from Southern European peatlands

Peatlands play an important role in emissions of the greenhouse gases CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O, which are produced during mineralization of the peat organic matter. To examine the influence of soil type (fen, bog soil) and environmental factors (temperature, groundwater level), emission of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O and soil temperature and groundwater level were measured weekly or biweekly in loco over a one-year period at four sites located in Ljubljana Marsh, Slovenia using the static chamber technique. The study involved two fen and two bog soils differing in organic carbon and nitrogen content, pH, bulk density, water holding capacity and groundwater level. The lowest CO₂ fluxes occurred during the winter, fluxes of N₂O were highest during summer and early spring (February, March) and fluxes of CH₄ were highest during autumn. The temporal variation in CO₂ fluxes could be explained by seasonal temperature variations, whereas CH₄ and N₂O fluxes could be correlated to groundwater level and soil carbon content. The experimental sites were net sources of measured greenhouse gases except for the drained bog site, which was a net sink of CH₄. The mean fluxes of CO₂ ranged between 139 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the undrained bog and 206 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained fen; mean fluxes of CH₄ were between −0.04 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained bog and 0.05 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained fen; and mean fluxes of N₂O were between 0.43 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained fen and 1.03 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ in the drained bog. These results indicate that the examined peatlands emit similar amounts of CO₂ and CH₄ to peatlands in Central and Northern Europe and significantly higher amounts of N₂O.     

冀番135应用优势及日光温室栽培技术研究

在专项试验与综合配套栽培技术研究及生产试验示范的基础上,系统分析了日光温室番茄新品种冀番135的生育特性、生产适应性、产量及抗性优势,介绍了冀番135番茄日光温室配套栽培技术。     

5个多彩水果番茄春种品比试验

通过物候期、生物学特性、果实性状和产量等比较试验，筛选出综合性状表现较好的航育紫玉和航育黄杏2个品种，可作为特色品种在桂北地区进行推广种植。航育新五彩、航育绿香玉和小天使综合性状偏差，有待进一步试种观察。     

中国温室建筑的温室效应分析

本文选择标准温室作为研究对象，利用DOE-2的气象资料库模拟了其在全国多个地区的逐时、逐月温室效应。并对我国不同气象（侯）条件下标准温室的温室效应分布规律进行比较研究，为选择适宜温室种植的作物品种和相应的种植方案提供理论基础。     

早春设施大棚苦瓜品种比较试验

2013-2014年在设施大棚条件下,以玉云苦瓜为对照,对新翠、翠玉、雅秀、春晓1号、翡玉5个苦瓜品种进行对比试验。试验结果表明,新翠苦瓜早熟、商品性优、生长势强,产量达5 394.3 kg/667 m2,综合性状优于其他5个品种,是平和地区早春设施大棚大面积种植的首选品种。     

棚室番茄水肥一体化试验

为对水肥一体化在生产上的应用提供数据支持,在河北永年县开展了棚室番茄水肥一体化技术与常规普通施肥对比试验。试验结果表明,采用每667 m2用水250 m3、追肥40 kg的水肥一体化技术,可比常规栽培节水34.2%、节肥20%,番茄增产4.74%。     

温室黄瓜新品种津优335号的选育

津优335号是以自交系A143-5为母本,以自交系B74A-7为父本配制而成的黄瓜一代杂种。耐低温弱光能力强,植株长势强,雌花节率高、连续结瓜能力强,瓜条生长速度快。瓜条商品性突出,品质好。抗枯萎病,中抗褐斑病、霜霉病和白粉病。越冬栽培不歇秧,单瓜质量约220g,总产量20000kg·(667m2)-1左右,适宜我国北方地区日光温室各茬口栽培。